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The Difference Between kW and kVA

What is kW?

• kW = kilowatts
• It measures real power – the actual power that does useful work (like running a motor, lighting a bulb).
• It’s the power you pay for on your electricity bill.
• Formula:

kW=Voltage×Current×Power Factor/1000

What is kVA?

• kVA = kilovolt-amperes
• It measures apparent power – the total power flowing in a system, both useful and wasted (like heat or magnetic losses).
• It includes both real power (kW) and reactive power (kVAR).
• Formula:

kVA=Voltage×Current/1000

What is the Main Function of AVR?

1. Voltage Stabilization
   Keeps output voltage within a safe and steady range, even if the input voltage varies.
2. Protection of Electrical Equipment
   Prevents damage to sensitive devices (like computers, appliances, generators, etc.) from:
   • Over-voltage
   • Under-voltage
   • Surges/spikes
3. Improved Performance of Devices
   Many machines (especially motors and electronics) work better with stable voltage.
4. Used in Generators
   In generators, AVR controls the excitation system to regulate output voltage and maintain stability, especially with changing loads.